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Race and health
Race and health refers to the relationship between individual health and one's race and ethnicity. Differences in health status, health outcomes, life expectancy, and many other indicators of health in different racial and ethnic groups is well documented, referred to as health disparities. Race is a complex concept, and the two major competing theories of race use biological definitions and social construction to define racial difference. Although this relationship can vary depending on the definitions used, race is generally used in the context of health research as a fluid concept to group populations of people according to various factors that include but are not limited to ancestry, social identity, visible phenotype, and genetic makeup.〔http://www.genome.gov/Glossary/index.cfm?id=171〕 Determinants of health include environmental, social, and genetic factors, as well as the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.〔World Health Organization. (''The determinants of health'' ). Geneva. Accessed 12 May 2011 (which are inter-related with all three, but mostly social factors).〕
== Health disparities ==
Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and health care across racial and ethnic groups.〔U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, conference ed. in two vols (Washington, D.C., January 2000).〕 The US Health Resources and Services Administration defines health disparities as "population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care." Health is measured through variables such as life expectancy and incidence of diseases.〔
How researchers view race is often linked to how we address racial disparities because the national administrator of health uses these research findings to implement policies.〔http://library.brown.edu/reserves/pdffiles/34469_Whitmarsh_Vernaculars.pdf〕
"79 percent of African Americans had health coverage in 2009 compared to 88 percent of white Americans."〔http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/news/2010/12/16/8762/fact-sheet-health-disparities-by-race-and-ethnicity/〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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